Which concept deals with controlling or eliminating exposure or eliminating, substituting, or controlling the hazard itself?

• A. Accident causation models
• B. Incident Reporting
• C. Risk Assessment
• D. Job Safety Analysis

Answer: (A)

This question is about risk assessment and the selection of hazard controls. The idea is to identify hazards, evaluate how serious the risk is, and then decide on measures that can eliminate the exposure or reduce it to an acceptable level. In this framework, the most effective approach is to remove the hazard entirely when possible (elimination) or replace it with something less hazardous (substitution). If removing or substituting isn’t feasible, other controls are applied in a layered fashion, starting with engineering controls to remove the hazard from the process, followed by administrative controls and finally personal protective equipment as a last resort.

Job Safety Analysis fits into this by analyzing a task to identify hazards and propose controls for each step, which supports risk reduction but is a method used within the broader process of assessing and controlling risk. Accident causation models explain why accidents occur but don’t prescribe how to control hazards. Incident reporting is about documenting events to learn from them, not about selecting and implementing controls.